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181.
The acute toxicity of arsenobetaine was studied in male mice. No deaths were observed with oral administration of 10 g/kg of arsenobetaine. Therefore the LD50 value was higher than 10 g/kg. This compound was found in urine in the non-metabolized form. No particular toxic symptoms were observed following administration. These results suggest that arsenobetaine has low toxicity and is not metabolized in mice. 相似文献
182.
The flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A and its metabolite found in river and marine sediments in Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP), used as a flame retardant, was detected in river sediments collected in Osaka, Japan, at a concentration range from 22 to 140 μg/kg (ppb), as determined on a dry weight basis. TBBP was also found in marine sediments collected at Osaka Bay, though the TBBP levels of these samples were much lower than those from river sediments. Dimethyl ether derivative of TBBP (TBBP-DM), thought to be a decomposition product from microbial methylation, was found in the river sediments but in none of the marine sediments. TBBP-DM residues were about one-hundredth of the TBBP levels. 相似文献
183.
Masanao Nagamori Youichi Watanabe Takahito Hase Yasundo Kurata Yusaku Ono Kiyoshi Kawamura 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):90-98
To facilitate field surveys for identifying areas of incineration residue-derived soil contamination, a simple and convenient
method with a soil electrical conductivity meter was examined. First, the leaching test specified by Notification No. 13 of
the Ministry of the Environment, 1973, was conducted on 506 samples of 11 types of wastes and compost, and the relationship
between the concentrations of toxic elements [total Hg (T-Hg), Cd, Pb, Cr6+, and As] and values of electrical conductivity (EC) was examined. The results showed that bottom ash and fly ash were wastes
with high EC values and that these wastes indicated higher levels of toxic elements. Second, an estimation method for the
soil EC value of contaminated soil (ECc) was proposed based on the EC values of noncontaminated soil, and its usefulness was
examined. The results of field surveys conducted at sites whose soils were suspected of contamination by dioxins and other
pollutants derived from incineration residues showed that the contaminated spots and areas were identified by using ECc values.
Moreover, comparison of the elemental contents of soils in terms of Cr, Ni, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and others, in addition
to the above-mentioned toxic elements (excluding Cr6+), with those of the potential sources of pollution was verified to be effective for identifying the source of soil contamination. 相似文献
184.
A. Ushiyama H. Masuda S. Hirota K. Wake H. Kawai S. Watanabe M. Taki C. Ohkubo 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):489-492
Concerns on health effects of radiofrequency (RF) signals have been discussed. Particularly, the effect on the central nerve
system is one of main interest among the general public. So far, there are lots of studies regarding the RF effect on the
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), but no study of the RF effect on the Blood Cerebrospinal fluid Barrier (BCB). In this study we
explored the effect on BCB function by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure. To attain this purpose, we
set about to make a real-time measuring system for BCB function using a micro-perfusion method and examined the short time
exposure experiment using rats. Our data suggested the 30 min single exposure of 1.5 GHz RF-EMF at the brain average SARs
of 9.5 W/kg for adult and 10.4 W/kg for juvenile, did not affect BCB function in rats under the experimental conditions. 相似文献
185.
Tomoyuki Yokoi Naoto Idogawa Ikuo Kandori Aoi Nikkeshi Mamoru Watanabe 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(3-4):23
In addition to the process of joining the sleeping aggregation, the choice of sleeping position is an important night-time behaviour of small diurnal insects because of the increased risk for predator attacks as well as bad weather. The aggregation behaviour of the solitary bee Amegilla florea urens was investigated to elucidate the choice of sleeping position on substrates. Male and female constructed single-sex aggregations on hanging leaves during May and June, respectively. Most individuals tended to form aggregations with other individuals while few individuals slept alone. During the aggregation forming, both the number of individuals that tried to join the aggregation and the completion time of aggregation increased with the number of sleeping individuals, whereas the success rate of joining was unaffected. The sleeping positions of subsequent arrivals on the substrates were higher than those of the first arrivals in female aggregations. Therefore, the first female to arrive tended to be located near the bottom of a hanging substrate. Dissecting sleeping females showed that they contained mature oocytes, indicating that sexually mature individuals formed aggregations. In male aggregations, however, we could not find a clear relationship between the position on substrates and the arrival sequence. We suggest that the purpose for sleeping in aggregations might be a dilution effect for nocturnal predation and that the females that finished both nesting and foraging quickly could choose the optimal positions in the aggregation when they arrived on the sleeping substrates. 相似文献
186.
Environmental release and behavior of brominated flame retardants 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
Recently, environmental problems relating to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have become a matter of greater concern than ever before, because of the recent marked increase in levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) found in human milk in Sweden and North America. The question that arises is whether environmental levels of PBDEs and other BFRs will continue to increase, causing toxic effects to humans. In an attempt to elucidate the current state of the science of BFRs, we review the consumer demand for BFRs (mainly in Japan), the characteristics of waste flame-retarded products, sources of emission, environmental behavior, routes of exposure of humans, temporal trends, and thermal-breakdown products of BFRs. At present, flame-retarded consumer products manufactured 10-20 years ago, when PBDEs were frequently used, are being dumped. The possible major sources of emission of BFRs into the environment are effluent and flue gases from BFR factories and other facilities processing BFRs. With respect to the environmental behavior of BFRs, the lower brominated compounds are, on the whole, predicted to be more volatile, more water soluble, and more bioaccumulative than the higher brominated compounds. The most probable route for exposure of the general human population to PBDEs, especially the lower brominated congeners, is through the diet. The release of BFRs from consumer products treated with these compounds could also lead to human exposure. Temporal trends in PBDE levels in the environment and in humans worldwide seem to vary considerably, depending on the regions or country, with possible reflections of the historic and current use of PBDEs. The environment and the general human population are also exposed to the thermal-breakdown products of PBDEs, such as polybrominated and mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/DFs and mixed PXDDs/DFs). 相似文献
187.
Kondo Monami Sakamoto Yasuhide Kawabe Yoshishige Nakamura Kengo Watanabe Noriaki Komai Takeshi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(2):251-273
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - This work developed a model for predicting the volatilization flux from the unsaturated soil contaminated by volatile chemical substances (VCSs) such as... 相似文献
188.
Fuma S Watanabe Y Kawaguchi I Takata T Kubota Y Ban-Nai T Yoshida S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2012,103(1):15-19
Derivation of effect benchmark values for each taxonomic group, which has been difficult due to lack of experimental effects data, is required for more adequate protection of the environment from ionising radiation. Estimation of effects doses from nuclear DNA mass and subsequent species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis were proposed as a method for such a derivation in acute irradiation situations for assumed nuclear accident scenarios. As a case study, 5% hazardous doses (HD5s), at which only 5% of species are acutely affected at 50% or higher lethality, were estimated on a global scale. After nuclear DNA mass data were obtained from a database, 50% lethal doses (LD50s) for 4.8 and 36% of the global Anura and Caudata species, respectively, were estimated by correlative equations between nuclear DNA mass and LD50s. Differences between estimated and experimental LD50s were within a factor of three. The HD5s obtained by the SSD analysis of these estimated LD50s data were 5.0 and 3.1 Gy for Anura and Caudata, respectively. This approach was also applied to the derivation of regional HD5s. The respective HD5s were 6.5 and 3.2 Gy for Anura and Caudata inhabiting Japan. This HD5 value for the Japanese Anura was significantly higher than the global value, while Caudata had no significant difference in global and Japanese HD5s. These results suggest that this approach is also useful for derivation of regional benchmark values, some of which are likely different from the global values. 相似文献